The Declaration of Arbroath in 1320
The Declaration of Arbroath is a historic document that played a significant role in the history of Scotland. It was a letter written in 1320 by a group of Scottish nobles and barons to Pope John XXII, asserting Scotland’s independence from England. This document is considered one of the most important documents in Scottish history and has had a lasting impact on the nation.
Lead up to the Event
The lead up to the Declaration of Arbroath can be traced back to the Wars of Scottish Independence, which began in the late 13th century. Scotland had been under English rule since the late 11th century, and tensions between the two nations had been escalating for years. The Scottish nobles, led by Robert the Bruce, had been fighting for their independence and had achieved several victories against the English forces.
Amidst this backdrop of conflict, the Scottish nobles decided to send a letter to the Pope, seeking his support and recognition of Scotland as an independent nation. The letter, which would later become known as the Declaration of Arbroath, was drafted and signed by a group of nobles at Arbroath Abbey in April 1320.
Key Elements of the Event
The Declaration of Arbroath contained several key elements that made it a powerful statement of Scottish independence. It began by asserting the historical and legal basis for Scotland’s sovereignty, stating that Scotland had never been subjugated to any foreign rule. It emphasized the divine right of the Scottish people to choose their own king and govern their own affairs.
The document also highlighted the unjust actions of the English towards Scotland and the Scottish people’s determination to defend their freedom. It called upon the Pope to support their cause and urged him to use his influence to persuade the English king to recognize Scotland’s independence.
Result and Aftermath
The Declaration of Arbroath had a significant impact on the Scottish struggle for independence. It not only asserted Scotland’s sovereignty but also sought international recognition of its independence. The letter was sent to the Pope, who was seen as a powerful figure in medieval Europe, and its contents were widely circulated.
The Pope’s response to the Declaration of Arbroath is not well-documented, but it is believed that he acknowledged Scotland’s independence. The document itself served as a rallying cry for the Scottish people and inspired them to continue their fight against English rule.
The Declaration of Arbroath laid the foundation for Scotland’s future as an independent nation. It became an important symbol of Scottish identity and was referenced in later documents and declarations, such as the Claim of Right in 1689. Today, it is considered a crucial piece of Scottish history and is celebrated as a testament to the nation’s enduring spirit and determination.